高中英语语法——句子成分与结构
高中英语语法句子成分与结构
(一)句子成分的定义:
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句
子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有
表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但
在
there
be
结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位
于谓语、助动词或情态动词前面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定
式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During
the
1990s,
American
country
music
has
become
more and more popular.
(名词)
We
often speak English in class.
(代词)
One-third
of the students in this class are girls.
(数词)
To swim
in the river is a great pleasure.
(不定式)
Smoking
does harm to the health.
(动名词)
The rich
should help the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test
has not been
decided.
(主语从句)
It
is necessary
to master a foreign language
.
(
it
作形式主语,
真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动
词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1
、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He
practices
running every morning.
2
、复合谓语:(
1
)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:
You
may keep
the book for two weeks. He
has caught
a bad
cold.
(
2
)由系动词加表语构成。如:
We
are students
.
(四)表语:
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位
于系动词(如
be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem
等)之后。