1
英语句子成分
主语
主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式
(
短语
)
来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语
时通常用
it
作形式主语。
■
名词作主语
English is very important.
英语是很重要的。
■
代词作主语
They go to school by bus.
他们乘公共汽车上学。
■
动名词作主语
It’s no use
regretting it.
后悔是无用的。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
■
动词不定式
(
短语
)
作主语
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep.
入睡很难。
■
主语从句
What we can
’
t get seems better than what we have.
表语
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名
词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
They are brother and sister.
他们是兄妹。
What I want to say is this.
我想说的就是这点。
Her father is sixty-five.
她父亲
65
岁。
John is captain of the team.
约翰是足球队的队长。
The poor boy was myself.
那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
The ones who really want it are ourselves.
真正想要它的是我们自己。
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport.
你只需从机场打个的即可。
My favourite sport is swimming.
我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
The fact is that she never knew the secret.
宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为
动词宾语
和
介词宾语
，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、
动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
I like Chinese food.
我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan.
我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you.
我和你谈话很高兴。
Have you finished dressing?
你衣服穿好了吗
?
He certainly did not want to join them.
他确实不想参加他们的活动。
They decided to close the border.
他们决定封闭边境。
We hoped that all would come well.
我们希望一切都会好转。
We expected that you would stay for a few days.
我们预计你会待几天的。
定语
定语为句子的次要成分，
起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，
可分为前置定语和后置定语。
一般
由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词
(
短语
)
或句子
充当。
His father is a doctor.
他父亲是一名医生。
Mr. Green has two sons.
格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate.
在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep w
ell.
楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
I bought a new dictionary.
我买了本新字典。
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