新概念英语4(Lesso1)句子成分分析

如何分析一个句子呢？首先找动词，以动词为中心，寻找其他成分。核心的也就五种句型，SV，SVC/SVO,SVOO/SVOC，其他副词，介词都是修饰语。从句有三种，形容词性从句，名词性从句，副词性从句，根据词性该放哪个位置就放哪个位置。

Lesson 1 Finding Fossil man

We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write.

#v=can read,of+n介词短语当副词修饰v(that引导词,v=happened,in+n介词短语当副词),where引导副词子句地方副词(v=learned)

But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write.

#but连接词，svc,of+n介词短语当副词，关系词where

The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas--legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.

#s=the only way(that关系词,s=they,v=can preserve,o=their history),v=is,c=to+v不定式当形容词（主词补语），as引导副词子句(s=sagas-legends,v=handed down,from+n介词短语当名词受词)修饰c

These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did.

#svc，because引导副词子句修饰（关系词who引导关系子句）c,

#but连接词，s=none,v=could write down,o=what引导疑问改直述做名词受词

Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from.

#s=anthropologists,v=wondered,o=where疑问词改直述句做名词受词(s=the*peoples，v=came from)

The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.

#s=the*people,v=explain,that引导名词子句作受词

But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten.

#but连接词，s=the first people(关系词who,v=were,c=lived,so+n+that关系词、介词短语当副词修饰c),if引导副词子句(s=they,v=had,o=any),v=are,c=forgotten

So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from.

#so引导副词子句（s=archaeologists,v=have,o=*history,o=legends,to+v+where疑问词改名词子句做不定式受词、整体不定式当名词受词

Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, be- cause this is easier to shape than other kinds.

#副词，s=ancient men,v=made,o=tools,of+n介词短语当形容词受词补语

#because引导副词子句(svc,to+nj介词短语当副词修饰c)

They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away.

#s=they,v=may have used,o=wood*skins

#but连接词（svo)

Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace.

#s=stone,v=does decay；and连接词 so引导副词子句（s=the tools*ago,v=have,c=remained,when引导副词子句修饰c(who关系词，s=who,v=made,省略that名词子句做受词）